IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN DAN TATA KELOLA MAKANAN BERGIZI GRATIS PADA TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN
STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN BARANTI KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Abstract
Program Makanan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan langkah kebijakan strategis nasional dalam upaya meningkatkan level kecukupan gizi dan kapasitas belajar peserta didik melalui intervensi makanan di lingkungan sekolah. Namun, efektivitas pelaksanaannya sangat bergantung pada proses implementasi dan kualitas tata kelola di tingkat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi dan tata kelola Program MBG pada satuan pendidikan di Kecamatan Baranti, Kabupaten Sidrap. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap siswa, guru, kepala sekolah, pengelola dapur MBG, serta koordinator MBG kecamatan. Tahapan analisis data mengadopsi model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana yang dioperasikan melalui perangkat lunak NVivo, serta diuji keabsahannya melalui triangulasi dan member checking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Program MBG dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor utama implementasi kebijakan, yakni komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi pelaksana, dan struktur birokrasi, dengan sumber daya dan disposisi pelaksana sebagai faktor yang paling dominan. Dari perspektif tata kelola, pelaksanaan MBG telah mencerminkan prinsip-prinsip good governance, terutama pada transparansi, akuntabilitas, partisipasi,dan responsivitas, meskipun masih terdapat keterbatasan pada komunikasi formal dan fleksibilitas birokrasi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan Program MBG ditentukan oleh integrasi antara kapasitas implementasi kebijakan dan perwujudan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik pada tingkat satuan pendidikan.
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